We have previously established techniques for recording extended transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials (tcMEPs) in rats 10. Furthermore, no studies have investigated the effect of transplanting MSCs on neurophysiological recovery over time using extended neurophysiological evaluation. Motor function recovery has been evaluated only via behavioral assessments, as the electrophysiological recovery has not been determined. In addition, the mechanism of action of cranial bone-derived MSCs in central nervous system (CNS) disorders has not yet been investigated 7, 8, 9. However, reports demonstrating the effect of transplanted cranial bone-derived MSCs on rat SCI models are lacking. In a previous study, researchers successfully established MSCs from rat and human cranial bones, and demonstrated that they secrete abundant neurotrophic factors when transplanted in a rat model of cerebral infarction 7, 8. Some studies have revealed that the characteristics of MSCs may vary in these tissues 4, 5, 6. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues, such as bone marrow 2 or adipose tissue 3, and possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has garnered attention as a novel approach for treating the damage caused by SCI. In the absence of effective treatments for SCI, surgical restabilization of the vertebral column and rehabilitation are currently the primary therapeutic options 1. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe damage, leading to permanent loss of mobility, incontinence, and other functional losses. These results demonstrate the efficacy of rcMSCs as cell-based therapy for SCI. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines was suppressed in the spinal cord tissues of the rats that received rcMSCs. The transplantation of rcMSCs improved motor function and electrophysiology recovery, and reduced cavity ratio. The expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response and cell death in the spinal cord tissue was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tissue repair after SCI was assessed by calculating the cavity ratio. Electrophysiological recovery was evaluated by recording the transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials. The recovery of motor function and hindlimb electrophysiology was evaluated 4 weeks post transplantation. SCI rats were established using the weight-drop method and transplanted intravenously with MSCs at 24 h post SCI. MSCs were established from collected bone marrow and cranial bones. In this study, we determined the effect of transplanting rcMSCs in rat SCI models. However, reports demonstrating the effect of transplanted rat cranial bone-derived MSCs (rcMSCs) on rat SCI models are lacking. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues, and their characteristics vary based on the source. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a novel treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI).
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